What are the two main components of an Operating System?

The two main components of an Operating System (OS) are User Space and Kernel Space. User Space is where user applications and processes execute, providing an environment where end users can interact with the system, typically through a graphical user interface or command line. This separation allows for user applications to operate independently, ensuring that they do not interfere with one another or with the core functions of the OS.

On the other hand, Kernel Space is where the core functions of the operating system reside, including memory management, process scheduling, and hardware communication. The kernel operates at a higher privilege level than user space applications, which enables it to directly manage system resources and hardware. This separation is crucial for system stability and security, as it protects the critical functions of the OS from being disrupted by user applications.

Together, these two components ensure that the operating system can effectively manage hardware and software resources while providing a safe environment for applications to run in User Space.